The Myth That Human Beings Are Evil by Nature
The Myth That Human Beings Are Evil by Nature
Subtitle: Psychopathology of the Brazilian State
1. Opening — Fractal, 17 years old
Someone says:
“Human beings are selfish by nature.”
“Without rules, everything becomes chaos.”
“Without control, people become evil.”
You have heard this before.
And strangely, it can feel safe.
As if the world suddenly made sense.
But pause for a second.
When you help someone without thinking…
when injustice hits your body…
when you want to belong…
does that feel “evil”?
Or does it feel like something else?
Maybe the problem is not human nature.
Maybe it is the story we were told about it.
2. Deepening
The idea that human beings are naturally evil is not neutral.
It organizes the world.
If humans are dangerous by essence, then:
they must be controlled
they must be watched
they must be punished
they need someone above them
This legitimizes:
punitive States,
rigid hierarchies,
concentration of power,
permanent distrust.
This view became famous with Thomas Hobbes, who argued that without authority human life would fall into permanent conflict.
But this is not the only possible reading.
In Rutger Bregman’s Humankind: A Hopeful History, the central argument is direct:
human beings tend more toward cooperation and empathy than violence.
Bregman revisits historical events, famous experiments, and popular narratives, showing that many examples used to prove “human evil” were distorted or poorly interpreted.
Anthropology also points in this direction.
David Graeber and David Wengrow, in The Dawn of Everything, show that human societies have always been diverse:
some more egalitarian,
some more hierarchical,
some alternating forms across time.
There is no single fixed human nature.
There is adaptation.
Now neuroscience enters.
With Antonio Damasio, we understand that the mind is not separate from the body. It emerges from the interaction between body and environment.
The body learns:
to trust,
to cooperate,
to defend itself,
to attack.
What many call “human nature” is often adaptive body memory.
If the environment is hostile, the body closes.
If the environment offers belonging, the body opens.
So when society repeats that “humans are evil,” it creates a cycle:
distrust grows,
bonds weaken,
relations harden,
defensive behavior increases.
Then this behavior seems to confirm the original theory.
But it was produced by it.
That is social psychopathology.
Politically, this is decisive.
If you believe the other is naturally dangerous, you accept:
surveillance,
punishment as a foundation,
inequality as inevitable,
elites as necessary.
And you lose something central:
the ability to build “we.”
Without Jiwasa, isolation remains.
Without belonging, control remains.
3. Metacognition
Now bring this inward.
When you meet someone unknown, what appears first?
Curiosity?
Or distrust?
Does your body open?
Or close?
This is not pure nature.
It is learning.
Go deeper:
When you make a mistake, do you punish yourself automatically?
When someone else makes a mistake, do you judge quickly?
This may not be essence.
It may be conditioning.
And here is the turn:
if the body learned, it can relearn.
The question stops being:
“Are human beings good or evil?”
And becomes:
“What environment shaped this body?”
“What environment am I creating now?”
When you slow down, breathe, and listen…
the body leaves defense mode.
Something appears:
cooperation,
empathy,
curiosity.
Not as an ideal.
As a real possibility.
Without this, we accept any system of control.
With this, we begin to rebuild belonging.
And that changes everything.
Because a people who perceive themselves as capable of cooperation
will not accept living under permanent fear.
References in Didactic Order
Books
Rutger Bregman — Humankind: A Hopeful History
Shows, through historical and experimental evidence, that humans tend toward cooperation and empathy more than violence.Thomas Hobbes — Leviathan
Presents the classic view that humans are naturally violent, justifying the need for a strong State.Jean-Jacques Rousseau — Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men
Argues that human beings are not born corrupted, but shaped by social structures.David Graeber & David Wengrow — The Dawn of Everything
Shows the diversity of human social organization, challenging the idea of a fixed human nature.Frans de Waal — The Age of Empathy
Shows that cooperation and empathy have deep biological roots.Antonio Damasio — Descartes’ Error
Shows that mind and body are integrated, and that emotion is central to behavior.
Post-2021 Publications and Studies
Michael Tomasello (2022) — studies on cooperation and agency
Shows that cooperation is central to human evolution, not an exception.Decety & Cowell (2022) — empathy and moral development
Analyzes how empathy and morality are developed across life.Keltner et al. (2023) — social functions of emotion
Explores how emotions organize social relations and cooperation.Heyes (2023) — cultural evolution of cognition
Shows that human behavior is strongly shaped by culture.Whiten (2024) — social learning and adaptation
Shows how social learning deeply influences human behavior.Nature Human Behaviour (2025) — cooperation and trust studies
Indicates that trust and cooperation vary according to environment and social structure.Defender “Cosas de Rico” Empobrece el Espíritu y Limita el Alma
Defending “Things of the Rich” Impoverishes the Spirit and Limits the Soul
Defender Coisas de Ricos Empobrece o Espírito e Limita a Alma
Estado Inteligente contra la Corrupción: IA, Justicia y el Monopolio de las “Cosas de Rico”
Intelligent State Against Corruption: AI, Justice, and the Monopoly of the “Things of the Rich”
Estado Inteligente contra a Corrupção: IA, Justiça e o Monopólio das Coisas de Rico
¿Las Tierras Raras También Serán “Cosas de Rico”?
Will Rare Earths Also Become “Things of the Rich”?
Terras Raras Também Serão Coisas de Rico?
Conciencia, Movimiento y Futuro Vivo
Consciousness, Movement, and a Living Future
Consciência, Movimento e Futuro Vivo
DREX Ciudadano: el Ciudadano como Unidad del Estado
DREX Citizen: The Citizen as the Unit of the State
DREX Cidadão: o Cidadão como Unidade do Estado
Lula y la Máquina de Desgaste Interno
Lula and the Internal Wear-Down Machine
Lula e a Máquina de Desgaste Interno
La Izquierda y “Conquistar Corazones y Mentes”
The Left and “Winning Hearts and Minds”
A Esquerda e “Conquistar Corações e Mentes”
La Derecha y el “Dios Enviado”
The Right and the “God-Sent” Narrative
Poder Judicial, STF y Reforma de Flávio Dino
Judiciary, STF, and Flávio Dino’s Reform
Judiciário, STF e Reforma de Flávio Dino
Golpes, Congreso y Cosas de Rico
Coups, Congress, and the Things of the Rich
Golpes, Congresso e Coisas de Rico
Estado Psicópata y Cosas de Rico
Psychopathic State and the “Things of the Rich”
Estado Psicopata e Coisas de Rico
Cuerpo-Territorio Antes de la Colonización
Body–Territory Before Colonization
Corpo-Território Antes da Colonização
La Mentira de que el Ser Humano es Malo por Naturaleza
The Myth That Human Beings Are Evil by Nature
A Mentira de que o Homem é Mau por Natureza
Machosfera, Red Pill y Mujeres Iroquesas
Manosphere, Red Pill, and Iroquois Women
Machosfera, Red Pill e Mulheres Iroquesas
La Muerte de la Verdad y la Política como Caos
The Death of Truth and Politics as Chaos
A Morte da Verdade e a Política como Caos
Redes, Juegos y el Rapto de la Atención
Networks, Games, and the Capture of Attention
Redes, Games e o Rapto da Atenção
Jiwasa Herido: Cuando el Cuerpo Ya No Consigue Sentir el “Nosotros”
Wounded Jiwasa: When the Body Can No Longer Feel the “We”
Jiwasa Ferido: Quando o Corpo Não Consegue Sentir o “A Gente”
Senador Deputado Federal Estadual Senadora Presidente
Joinville#CBDCdeVarejo
#PIX
#Drex
#Eleições2026
#VotoConsciente
#UrnaEletrônica
#Presidente
#DeputadoFederal
#Senador
#Senadora
#DeputadoEstadual
#PesquisasEleitorais
#DebateNaTV
#Joinville
#VotoObrigatório
#JustiçaEleitoral
#PropostasDeGoverno
#FakeNewsEleição
#SegundoTurno
#TítuloDeEleitor
#VotoUseBem
#DrexCidadão
